Puasa di bulan Muharram

MUHARAM adalah bulan pertama dalam tahun Islam (Hijrah). Sebelum Rasulullah berhijrah dari Makkah ke Yathrib, kiraan bulan dibuat mengikut tahun Masihi. Hijrah Rasulullah memberi kesan besar kepada Islam sama ada dari sudut dakwah Rasulullah, ukhuwwah dan syiar Islam itu sendiri.

Pada asasnya, Muharam membawa maksud 'diharamkan' atau 'dipantang', iaitu Allah SWT melarang melakukan peperangan atau pertumpahan darah. Namun demikian larangan ini ditamatkan setelah pembukaan Makkah (Al Baqarah: 91). Sejak pemansuhan itu, umat Islam boleh melaksanakan tugas dan ibadat harian tanpa terikat lagi dengan larangan berkenaan

Doa akhir tahun:
: dibaca 3 kali pada akhir waktu Asar atau sebelum masuk waktu Maghrib pada akhir bulan Zulhijjah.

Sesiapa yang membaca doa ini, syaitan berkata:
"Kesusahan bagiku dan sia-sialah pekerjaanku menggoda anak Adam pada setahun ini dan Allah binasakan aku satu saat jua. Dengan sebab membaca doa ini, Allah ampunkan dosanya setahun."

Berikut adalah Doa Akhir Tahun:

Segala puji hanya bagi Allah, Tuhan yang memelihara dan mentadbir sekalian alam. Selawat dan salam ke atas junjungan kami Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. serta ahli keluarga baginda dan para sahabatnya.

Ya allah, sesungguhnya pada tahun ini aku telah melakukan laranganMu tetapi aku masih belum bertaubat sedangkan Engkau tidak reda dan melupai perkara itu. Engkau telah menangguhkan azabMu yang telah ditetapkan kepadaku. Engkau telahmemerintah supaya aku bertaubat dari kesalahan itu. Sesungguhnya pada hari ini aku memohon keampunan dariMu, ampunilah aku dan apa yang telah aku lakukan pada tahun ini yang Engkau redai dan Engkau janjikan pahala maka aku memohonnya daripada Engkau. Ya Allah, Ya Karim, Ya Zaljalali Wal Ikram.

Selawat dan salam ke atas junjungan kami Nabi Muhammad s.a.w serta ahli keluarga baginda dan para sahabatnya. Segala puji hanya bagi Allah, tuhan yang memelihara dan mentadbirkan sekalian alam...Amin...

Waktu membacanya:
Doa akhir tahun dibaca 3 kali pada akhir waktu Asar atau sebelum masuk waktu Maghrib pada akhir bulan Zulhijjah. Sesiapa yang membaca doa ini maka akan berkata syaitan, "Kesusahan bagiku dan sia-sialah pekerjaanku menggoda anak Adam pada tahun ini dan Allah akan membinasakan aku pada saat itu juga. Dengan membaca doa ini allahakan engampunkan dosanya setahun." 

Doa awal tahun:
: dibaca 3 kali selepas maghrib pada malam satu Muharram.
Sesiapa yang membaca doa ini, syaitan berkata:

"Telah amanlah anak Adam ini daripada godaan pada tahun ini kerana Allah telah mewakilkan dua Malaikat memeliharanya daripada fitnah Syaitan."

Segala puji hanya bagi Allah, Tuhan yang memelihara dan mentadbir sekalian alam. Selawat dan salam ke atas junjungan kami Nabi Muhammad s.a.w serta ahli keluarga baginda dan para sahabatnya.

Ya Allah, Engkaulahyang kekal abadi untuk selama-lamanya. Demi kelebihanMu yang Maha Agong dan kemurahanMu yang melimpah, sesungguhnya pada tahun ini aku memohon kepadaM perlindungan daripada syaitan yang direjam, dari sekalan kuncunya, tenteranya dan penolongnya. aku juga memohon perlindungan daripada nafsu amarah yang sentiasa mendoong ke arah kejahatan danmelalaikan dengan perkara yang tidak berfaedah daripada mendekatkan diriku kepadaMu.

Selawat serta salam ke atas junjungan kami Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. serta ahli keluarga baginda dan paa sahabat. Segala puji hanya bagi Allah, Tuhan yang memelihara dan mentadbir sekalian alam....Amin...

Waktu membacanya:
Doa ini dibaca 3 kali setelah masuk waktu maghrib pada malam 1 Muharram, Sesiapa yang membaca doa ini maka akan berkaa syaitan, "Telah amanlah anak Adam daripada godaanku pada tahun ini kerana Allah telah mewakilkan dua malaikat untuk memeliharanya dari fitnah syaitan." 

Peristiwa-peristiwa penting:
1 Muharam - Khalifah Umar Al-Khattab mula membuat penetapan kiraan bulan dalam Hijrah.
10 Muharam - Dinamakan juga hari 'Asyura'. Pada hari itu banyak terjadi peristiwa penting yang mencerminkan kegemilangan bagi perjuangan yang gigih dan tabah bagi menegakkan keadilan dan kebenaran.

Pada 10 Muharam juga telah berlaku:

1.Nabi Adam bertaubat kepada Allah.
2.Nabi Idris diangkat oleh Allah ke langit.
3.Nabi Nuh diselamatkan Allah keluar dari perahunya sesudah bumi ditenggelamkan selama enam bulan.
4.Nabi Ibrahim diselamatkan Allah dari pembakaran Raja Namrud.
5.Allah menurunkan kitab Taurat kepada Nabi Musa.
6.Nabi Yusuf dibebaskan dari penjara.
7.Penglihatan Nabi Yaakob yang kabur dipulihkkan Allah.
8.Nabi Ayub dipulihkan Allah dari penyakit kulit yang dideritainya.
9.Nabi Yunus selamat keluar dari perut ikan paus setelah berada di dalamnya selama 40 hari 40 malam.
11.Laut Merah terbelah dua untuk menyelamatkan Nabi Musa dan pengikutnya dari tentera Firaun.
12.Kesalahan Nabi Daud diampuni Allah.
13.Nabi Sulaiman dikurniakan Allah kerajaan yang besar.
14.Hari pertama Allah menciptakan alam.
15.Hari Pertama Allah menurunkan rahmat.
16.Hari pertama Allah menurunkan hujan.
17.Allah menjadikan 'Arasy.
18.Allah menjadikan Luh Mahfuz.
19.Allah menjadikan alam.
20.Allah menjadikan Malaikat Jibril.
21.Nabi Isa diangkat ke langit. 

Amalan-amalan sunat:
Antara amalan disunatkan pada bulan Muharam:

1.Berpuasa. Maksud Hadis: Barang siapa berpuasa satu hari dalam bulan Muharam pahalanya seumpama berpuasa 30 tahun.Maksud Hadis: Barang siapa yang berpuasa tiga hari dalam bulan Muharam, iaitu hari Khamis, Jumaat dan Sabtu, Allah tulis padanya pahala seperti mana beribadat selama 2 tahun.
2.Banyakkan amal ibadat seperti solat sunat, zikir dan sebagainya.
3.Berdoa akhir tahun pada hari terakhir bulan Zulhijah selepas Asar sebanyak tiga kali
4.Berdoa awal tahun pada 1 Muharram selepas Maghrib 3X

Dalil Puasa 1 Muharram

Allah swt menjadikan 4 diantara 12 bulan yang ada sebagai bulan-bulan haram, yaitu Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram dan Rajab berdasarkan firman-Nya :

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ

Artinya : “Sesungguhnya bilangan bulan pada sisi Allah adalah dua belas bulan, dalam ketetapan Allah di waktu Dia menciptakan langit dan bumi, di antaranya empat bulan haram. Itulah (ketetapan) agama yang lurus, Maka janganlah kamu Menganiaya diri kamu dalam bulan yang empat itu,” (QS. At Taubah : 36)

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhori dan Muslim dari Abu Bakrah dari Nabi saw bersabda,”Zaman telah berputar seperti keadaannya pada hari Allah menciptakan langit dan bumi, setahun terdiri dari dua belas bulan dan diantaranya ada empat bulan haram, tiga bulan berturut-turut, yaitu : Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijjah dan Muharram sedangkan Rajab Mudhar berada diantara Jumadi (al akhiroh) dan Sya’ban.”

Bulan Muharram adalah salah satu bulan haram yang dianjurkan Rasulullah untuk banyak melakukan puasa didalamnya berdasarkan sabdanya yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim dari Abu Hurariroh berkata,”Rasulullah saw bersabda,’Puasa yang paling afdhol setelah bulan Ramadhan adalah bulan Allah al Muharram dan shalat yang paling afdhol setelah shalat fardhu adalah shalat malam.”

Didalam Syarhnya, Imam Nawawi mengatakan bahwa bulan ini (Muharram) adalah bulan yang paling utama untuk berpuasa.

Ada pendapat ulama yang menyebutkan bahwa yang paling utama untuk berpuasa dari bulan Muharram ini adalah sepuluh hari pertama, sebagaimana dikatakan al Mardawi didalam kitab “al Inshaf” bahwa yang paling utama dari bulan Muharram adalah hari kesepuluh atau Asyu’ra lalu hari kesembilan atau tasuua’a lalu sepuluh hari pertama.

Ibnu Rajab didalam kitab “Latha’if al Ma’arif” juga menyebutkan bahwa yang paling utama dari bulan Allah al Muharram adalah sepuluh hari pertama.’

Kemudian juga dinukil dari Abi ‘Utsman an Nahdiy berkata bahwa mereka menganggungkan sepuluh hari yang tiga, yaitu : sepuluh hari pertama bulan Ramadhan, sepuluh hari pertama bulan Dzulhijjah dan sepuluh hari pertama bulan Muharram.

Namun demikian tidak terdapat hadits shahih yang menjelaskan tentang keutamaan berpuasa pada sepuluh hari pertama dari bulan Muharram secara keseluruhan. (Markaz al Fatwa no. 43810)

Dan tidak pula terdapat dalil khusus yang menyebutkan bahwa berpuasa pada hari pertama (tanggal 1) dari bulan Muharram adalah sunnah akan tetapi yang disunnahkan adalah memperbanyak berpuasa di bulan ini, sebagaimana penjelasan diatas. Dan jika seseorang melakukan puasa pada tanggal 1 Muharram karena anjuran memperbanyak puasa di bulan ini bukan karena kekhususan tanggal 1 Muharram maka ia telah melakukan sunnah berdasarkan hadits Abu Hurairoh diatas.

Sedangkan pada hari ke- 9 (Tasuua’a) dan ke-10 (Asyura’) dari bulan Muharram maka dianjurkan bagi setiap muslim untuk melakukan puasa sebagaimana diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim dari Ibnu Abbas berkata,”Sewaktu Rasulullah saw berpuasa pada hari Asyura lalu beliau saw memerintahkan (para sahabat) untuk berpuasa.” Para sahabat bertanya,”Wahai Rasulullah, sesungguhnya hari ini adalah hari yang diagungkan oleh orang-orang Yahudi dan Nasrani.” Beliau saw menjawab,”Untuk tahun depan, insya Allah kita berpuasa (juga) pada hari kesembilan.” Ibnu Abbas berkata,”Ternyata tahun depan tidaklah menemuinya hingga beliau saw wafat.”

Didalam Syarhnya, Imam Nawawi menyebutkan pendapat Syafi’i dan para pengikutnya, Ahmad, Ishaq dan ulama lainnya,”Dianjurkan berpuasa pada hari ke-9 dan ke-10 sekaligus karena Nabi saw berpuasa pada hari ke-10 dan beliau saw telah berniat untuk berpuasa pada hari ke-9.

Sebagian ulama mengatakan bahwa bisa jadi sebab dari berpuasa pada hari ke-9 yang disertai hari ke-10 adalah agar tidak tasyabbuh (menyerupai) orang-orang Yahudi yang hanya berpuasa pada hari ke-10, dan hadits diatas mengisyaratkan hal ini. (Shahih Muslim bi Syarhin Nawawi juz IV hal 121)

10 Amazing Life Lessons from Albert Einstein

Kalian semua tau kan, siapa itu Albert Einstein? Dia terkenal sebagai ahli fisika, filsuf, dan mungkin adalah ilmuwan yang paling berpengaruh yang pernah ada. Dia memberikan kontribusi yang besar di dunia sains. Dia mendapat nobel di bidang fisika atas temuan fisika nya dan terutama hukum efek fotoelektrik. Dia menghasilkan lebih dari 300 karya ilmiah dan lebih dari 150 karya non-ilmiah. Einstein disebut ayah fisika modern dan merupakan ilmuwan tersukses yang pernah ada.

Nah, ini adalah 10 nilai kehidupan dari Einstein.
1. Ikuti rasa keingintahuan mu!

"I have no special talents. I am just passionately curious."

 Apa yang membuat mu penasaran? Apa yang menjadi rasa ingintahu mu? Pencarian dari keingintahuan mu adalah kunci untuk sukses.

2. Tekun

"It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with the problems longer"

Apakah kamu berniat untuk terus tekun hingga mencapai tujuanmu? Jadilah seperti perangko, perangko akan tetap menempel pada sesuatu hingga mencapai tujuannya.

3. Fokus dengan apa yang dilakukan sekarang

"Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves.”

Kamu bisa melakukan APA SAJA, tetapi kamu tidak bisa melakukan apa saja di waktu yang sama. Berusahalah untuk fokus pada pekerjaanmu sekarang. Dan kerahkan semua kemampuanmu dalam menyelesaikannya.

4. Kembangkan imajinasimu

"Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life's coming attraction. Imagination is more important than knowledge."

Gunakan imajinasimu! Jangan jadikan imajinasimu itu terbengkalai. Karena tanda dari kecerdasan itu bukan lah pengetahuan, tetapi imajinasi.

5. Jangan takut berbuat salah

"A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new."

Kesalahan itu bukan berarti gagal. Kesalahan ini akan membuatmu semakin baik dan semakin pandai jika kamu menggunakannya dengan benar.

6. Hiduplah di masa sekarang.

"I never think of the future - it comes soon enough."

Maksud dari hidup di masa sekarang adalah, kita tidak bisa mengubah masa lalu, dan kita tidak bisa mengetahui masa depan yang belum terjadi. Jadi yang paling penting dilakukan adalah bahwa kamu mengerahkan semua usahamu untuk yang ada 'sekarang'. 

7. Buat sesuatu yang bernilai

"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value."

Jangan habiskan seluruh waktu hidup mu untuk mencari kesuksesan. Habiskan waktu mu untuk melakukan sesuatu yang berharga. Jika kamu berharga, maka kamu akan dekat dengan kesuksesan.

Temukan bakatmu, dan salurkan bakatmu ke cara yang menguntungkan untuk orang lain.

8. Jangan mengharapkan hasil yang berbeda

"Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results."

 Kamu gak bisa melakukan hal yang sama setiap hari dan mengharapkan hasil yang berbeda. Kalau kamu mengharapkan sesuatu yang berbeda, maka ubahlah dirimu sendiri dulu dan maka hidupmu akan berubah.

9. Belajar dari pengalaman

"Information is not knowledge. The only source of knowledge is experience."

Kamu harus merasakan sendiri suatu hal dan jangan cuma mengandalkan informasi nya saja. Tetapi harus dialami sendiri, maka kamu akan mendapatkan pengetahuan yang berharga.

10. Pelajari aturannya dan lakukan yang lebih baik dari orang lain.

"You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.”

Sederhana saja. Pelajari aturan atau cara bermainnya.  Setelah itu, kamu harus bermain lebih baik dari yang lainnya. Dengan begitu, kamu bisa meraih kesuksesan dengan mudah !

 Makasih udah mau baca artikel ini :)
dedicated for Albert Einstein

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draugthsman and sculptor who lived most of his adult life in France. He is one of the most important artist in 20th century. His long life is full of famous creations of his experiment with different themes and styles.

Born : Malaga, Spain. 25 Oct 1881

Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. Picasso received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. Then he went to School of Fine Arts in A Coruña. In 1895, Picasso and his family moved to Barcelona, where his Father, Ruiz, took a position at its School of Fine Arts. October 1900, Picasso visited Paris and after visited it for a few times, he had stayed in Paris since 1904.

Blue and Rose Period

Femme aux Bras Croisés

The Old Guitarist

La Vie

 1901-1903 was known as Picasso's Blue Period. Because of Picasso’s Blue Period consists of somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors. Most of his paintings were about life of common people and beggar in Paris.

Change of his career was happen in 1904 when he was sponsored by a writer Gertrude Stein and art seller Kahnweiler.

Between 1905-1907, Picasso appear with Rose Period. His paintings at this period wasn't too melancholy, more cheerful and brighter than his painting at the Blue Period.

Acrobate et jeune arlequin

Garçon à la pipe

Cubism

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Change of Picasso's style of painting was in 1906-1907, when he was introduced to Paul Cezanne's creations and influenced by African and Iberian traditional sculptures. The influence of the sculptures stand out especially on famous work, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907).

Between 1909-1914, Picasso cooperated with French artist Georges Braque and developed a new style known as analytic Cubism. It is a style that tend to split an object to be a geometrical shape.

Three Musicians

1912-1913, Picasso and Braque found and used collage technique for the first time. It is a technique to stick many objects such as papers or portions to canvas. Picasso also started to make sculptures. His innovation was to not carve sculpture from stone or wood but make separate shapes from metals and wires first, then put it back together.

Guernica

 In the 1920s, Picasso was interested to classical style, and it influenced him for the whole decade. In the 1930s, Picasso experimented with surrealism art. HIs famous work with this style is Guernica. This large canvas embodies for many brutality of war when a village named Guernica was bombed on civil war in Spain.

Guernica

 After World War II, Picasso still lived in France but keep moving from place to place until he finally stayed in Cannes on 1955. At that moment, Picasso was becoming more productive and experimental and started work on other media. Aside from painting, sculpture, lithography, and etching, Picasso also made ceramics and other three-dimensional designs. Picasso also worked on orders such as mural at UNESCO building in Paris.

This 20th century art maestro died on 8 April 1973 because of heart attack. 13 years after that, his wife, Jacqueline Roque took her own life by gunshot because of devastated and lonely after the death of Picasso.

Potrait of Jacqueline

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII Philopator became queen of Egypt in 51 BC, at the age of eighteen, following the death of her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes. She had ruled for four years as co-ruler with her father, and when he died his stipulated in his will that she would succeed on condition that she marry her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII, and Pompey the Great approved the will in Rome.

Ptolemy and Pothinus

The new Egyptian queen had to rule alone because Ptolemy was too young, and remained under the council of Pothinus, the young king and his vizier began plotting against his sister, and planned to have her dethroned, so the young Ptolemy could rule under the guidance of Pothinus until he reached his majority, and Cleopatra was forced to flee to Syria.

 Pompey’s Murder

After the civil war between Caesar and Pompey the Great, Pompey fled to Egypt, and Ptolemy and Pothinus had the roman consul beheaded hoping to win Caesar’s favour, but on the contrary when he arrived in Alexandria in 48 BC and was presented with Pompey’s severed head, he was disgusted at their brutality, and demanded an appropriate burial.

 Caesar Already Knew Cleopatra


Their father Auletes had been considered a friend of Rome, and Caesar had known Cleopatra during her youth when she was in exile with her father in Rome between 58 and 55 BC, after a rebellion forced her father to flee, in Rome they protested their claims to the throne, and her father’s constant bribes encouraged Rome to intervene and restore their crown.

Wrapped in a Rug

When they met the second time, she was brought to him at the palace in Alexandria wrapped in a rug, and he was captivated by her appearance and personality, she used her female powers to tactically seduce him in order to win his affections and support, and her efforts were successful and he had her reinstated, and Pothinus was killed.
 
Cleopatra and Ptolemy

Peace in the family was not to last, Ptolemy and their other sister, Arsinoe IV, began to plot together, and rallied an army together, Cleopatra did not want to co-rule Egypt with her brother-husband in the first place, and with Caesar’s support they drove Ptolemy and Arsinoe out of Alexandria, Ptolemy drowned crossing the Nile, and Arsinoe fled to Asia Minor.

Caesar and Cleopatra Become Lovers

With Ptolemy now dead, Cleopatra got what she wanted, sole rule as queen of Egypt, but a sole female ruler would not be accepted, and to further secure her throne she had to marry her next brother, Ptolemy XIV who was only around eleven years old, and she went on a lengthy cruise for two months along the Nile with Caesar and they became lovers.

Caesar’s Son

Cleopatra gave birth to Caesarion in 47 BC, the boy was Caesar’s only living child, despite already twice married and now upon his third wife, Calpurnia, he had only fathered children with his first wife, Cornelia, who gave birth to Julia, and passed away in childbed some twelve years afterwards along with the baby, Julia later married Pompey and died in childbirth also, several years before Caesarion’s birth.
 

 

Nabila Kudsi's handwriting analysis report

Nabila uses judgment to make decisions. She is ruled by her head, not her heart. She is a cool, collected person who is usually unexpressive emotionally. Some may see her as unemotional. She does have emotions but has no need to express them. She is withdrawn into herself and enjoys being alone.

The circumstances when Nabila does express emotions include: extreme anger, extreme passion, and tremendous stress. If someone gets her mad enough to tell her off, she will not be sorry about it later. She puts a mark in her mind when someone angers her. She keeps track of these marks and when she hits that last mark she will let them know they have gone too far. She is ruled somewhat by self-interest. All her conclusions are made without outside emotional influence. She is very level-headed and will remain calm in an emergency situation. In a situation where other people might get hysterical, she has poise.

Nabila will work more efficiently if given space and time to be alone. She would rather not be surrounded by people constantly. In a relationship, she will show her love by the things she does rather than by the things she says. Saying "I love you" is not a needed routine because she feels her mate should already know. The only exception to this is if she has logically concluded that it is best for her mate to hear her express her love verbally.

Nabila is not subject to emotional appeals. If someone is selling a product to her, they will need to present only the facts. They should present them from a standpoint of her sound judgment. She will not be taken in by an emotional story about someone else. She will meet emergencies without getting hysterical and she will always ask "Is this best for me?"

People that write their letters in an average height and average size are moderate in their ability to interact socially. According to the data input, Nabila doesn't write too large or too small, indicating a balanced ability to be social and interact with others.

Nabila will be candid and direct when expressing her opinion. She will tell them what she thinks if they ask for it, whether they like it or not. So, if they don't really want her opinion, don't ask for it!

In reference to Nabila's mental abilities, she has a very investigating and creating mind. She investigates projects rapidly because she is curious about many things. She gets involved in many projects that seem good at the beginning, but she soon must slow down and look at all the angles. She probably gets too many things going at once. When Nabila slows down, then she becomes more creative than before. Since it takes time to be creative, she must slow down to do it. She then decides what projects she has time to finish. Thus she finishes at a slower pace than when she started the project.

She has the best of two kinds of minds. One is the quick investigating mind. The other is the creative mind. Her mind thinks quick and rapidly in the investigative mode. She can learn quicker, investigate more, and think faster. Nabila can then switch into her low gear. When she is in the slower mode, she can be creative, remember longer and stack facts in a logical manner. She is more logical this way and can climb mental mountains with a much better grip.

Nabila's true self-image is unreasonably low. Someone once told Nabila that she wasn't a great and beautiful person, and she believed them. Nabila also has a fear that she might fail if she takes large risks. Therefore she resists setting her goals too high, risking failure. She doesn't have the internal confidence that frees her to take risks and chance failure. Nabila is capable of accomplishing much more than she is presently achieving. All this relates to her self-esteem. Nabila's self-concept is artificially low. Nabila will stay in a bad situation much too long... why? Because she is afraid that if she makes a change, it might get worse. It is hard for Nabila to plan too far into the future. She kind of takes things on a day to day basis. She may tell you her dreams but she is living in today, with a fear of making a change. No matter how loud she speaks, look at her actions. This is perhaps the biggest single barrier to happiness people not believing in and loving themselves. Nabila is an example of someone living with a low self-image, because their innate self-confidence was broken.

Nabila is sarcastic. This is a defense mechanism designed to protect her ego when she feels hurt. She pokes people harder than she gets poked. These sarcastic remarks can be very funny. They can also be harsh, bitter, and caustic at the same time.

Nabila has a healthy imagination and displays a fair amount of trust. She lets new people into her circle of friends. She uses her imagination to understand new ideas, things, and people.

Nabila has a very unusual lower zone y loop. If the data input is correct, Nabila's y or g is large and has triangle shape to the lower loop. This is not a common trait, but the implications are very interesting. As you begin to study handwriting analysis, you will learn any loop indicates imagination. This lower loop indicates the amount of imagination Nabila has regarding sex and physical things. Her lower zone stroke is large, so her sexual imagination is large and open. Furthermore, because the loop has a triangle shape, this indicates a particular curiosity with certain aspects of sexuality. In a nutshell, Nabila is open to some very new ideas sexually and is willing to try anything once. I'd say Nabila is quite a dynamic and playful lover. Watch out world!

Official Handwriting Analysis - Personality Report (Airi FIrdausia Kudsi)

This personality profile is based on the writing of Airi Firdausia Kudsi created at the website: Handwriting Wizard.com - Handwriting University's Official automated personality report creator based on standardized basic personality traits as taught through Handwriting University's Certification Level Program.

Airi Firdausia is moderately outgoing. Her emotions are stirred by sympathy and heart rendering stories. In fact, she can be kind, friendly, affectionate and considerate of others. She has the ability to put herself into the other person's shoes.

Airi Firdausia will be somewhat moody, with highs and lows. Sometimes she will be happy, the next day she might be sad. She has the unique ability to get along equally well with what psychology calls introverts and extroverts. This is because she is in between. Psychology calls Airi Firdausia an ambivert. She understands the needs of both types. Although they get along, she will not tolerate anyone that is too "far out." She doesn't sway too far one way or the other.

When convincing her to buy a product or an idea, a heart rendering story could mean a great deal to her. She puts herself in the same situation as the person in the story, yet she will not buy anything that seems overly impractical or illogical. Airi Firdausia is an expressive person. She outwardly shows her emotions. She may even show traces of tears when hearing a sad story.

Airi Firdausia is a "middle-of-the-roader," politically as well as logically. She weighs both sides of an issue, sits on the fence, and then will decide when she finally has to. She basically doesn't relate to any far out ideas and usually won't go to the extreme on any issue.

People that write their letters in an average height and average size are moderate in their ability to interact socially. According to the data input, Airi Firdausia doesn't write too large or too small, indicating a balanced ability to be social and interact with others.

Airi Firdausia is secretive. She has secrets which she does not wish to share with others. She intentionally conceals things about herself. She has a private side that she intends to keep that way, especially concerning certain events in her past.

In reference to Airi Firdausia's mental abilities, she has a very investigating and creating mind. She investigates projects rapidly because she is curious about many things. She gets involved in many projects that seem good at the beginning, but she soon must slow down and look at all the angles. She probably gets too many things going at once. When Airi Firdausia slows down, then she becomes more creative than before. Since it takes time to be creative, she must slow down to do it. She then decides what projects she has time to finish. Thus she finishes at a slower pace than when she started the project.

She has the best of two kinds of minds. One is the quick investigating mind. The other is the creative mind. Her mind thinks quick and rapidly in the investigative mode. She can learn quicker, investigate more, and think faster. Airi Firdausia can then switch into her low gear. When she is in the slower mode, she can be creative, remember longer and stack facts in a logical manner. She is more logical this way and can climb mental mountains with a much better grip.

Airi Firdausia is a practical person whose goals are planned, practical, and down to earth. This is typical of people with normal healthy self-esteem. She needs to visualize the end of a project before she starts. she finds joy in anticipation and planning. Notice that I said she plans everything she is going to do, that doesn't necessarily mean things go as planned. Airi Firdausia basically feels good about herself. She has a positive self-esteem which contributes to her success. She feels she has the ability to achieve anything she sets her mind to. However, she sets her goals using practicality-- not too "out of reach". She has enough self-confidence to leave a bad situation, yet, she will not take great risks, as they relate to her goals. A good esteem is one key to a happy life. Although there is room for improvement in the confidence catagery, her self-perception is better than average.

Airi Firdausia is sarcastic. This is a defense mechanism designed to protect her ego when she feels hurt. She pokes people harder than she gets poked. These sarcastic remarks can be very funny. They can also be harsh, bitter, and caustic at the same time.

Airi Firdausia has a healthy imagination and displays a fair amount of trust. She lets new people into her circle of friends. She uses her imagination to understand new ideas, things, and people.

~~~~~

Well that's my report. This report is 90% true, I think.

Link : Handwriting University International

Mimar Sinan

Kerajaan Usmani Turki mewariskan begitu banyak karya arsitektur bersejarah. Masjid, gedung, sekolah hingga jembatan yang dibangun pada era kejayaan Usmani pada abad ke-16 M itu menjadi saksi bahwa Islam menguasai bidang arsitektur dan sudah memiliki arsitek-arsitek ulung.

Interior View of Selimiye Mosque

Sederet bangunan bersejarah warisan Daulah Usmani itu tercatat merupakan karya Mimar Sinan (1489 M – 1588 M). Dialah arsitek Muslim termasyhur abad ke-16 M. Setengah abad masa hidupnya diabdikan untuk dunia arsitektur Islam. Selama masa hidupnya, tak kurang dari 476 struktur arsitektur telah diciptakan Sinan.

Exterior view of Selimiye Mosque

 Sinan merupakan arsitek kepala pada kesultanan Usmani dan insinyur tekniksipil untuk sultan Salim I, Sulaiman I, Salim II, dan Murad III. Selama empat periode kepemimpinan para penguasa itu, Sinan bertanggung jawab untuk membangun dan mengawasi setiap pembangunan di Kesultanan Ottoman.Masjid Salim di Edirne serta Masjid Sulaiman di Istanbul merupakan masterpeice sang arsitek ulung. 

Mimar terlahir pada 15 April 1489 M di sebuah kota bernama Ağırnas (sekarang Mimarsinanköy) dekat Kayseri di Anatolia yang dikuasai oleh Sultan Salim II. Saat lahir, ia menganut agama Kristen. Salah satu impian Sinan muda adalah bersekolah di Imperial Enderun College yang terdapat di Istana Topkopi.

 Sinan tidak diterima di sekolah tersebut, ia bersekolah di Ibrahim Pasha School yang dikelola Grand Vizier Ibrahim Paşa. Kemungkinan dia memeluk agama Islam dan mendapat nama Sinan saat bersekolah disana.

Pada awalnya ia mempelajari ilmu perkayuan dan matematika. Tetapi ambisinya yang besar membuatnya dipercaya sebagai asisten bagi arsitek terkemuka. Dan dari situlah dia mempelajari tentang arsitektur. Setelah 3 tahun, ia menjadi arsitek yang terampil.

Pada saat yang bersamaan, Sinan mengikuti latihan wajib militer di Kesultanan Usmani selama enam tahun. Dia lalu bergabung dalam Korps Janissary. Menurut beberapa sumber, Sinan menyaksikan peristiwa penaklukkan Belgrade oleh Usmani Turki. Dalam perang Mohak, Sinan menjadi anggota kavaleri.

Exterior View of Suleiman Mosque

Sinan lalu dipromosikan menjadi kapten pengawal istana. Tak lama kemudian, dia memimpin korps infanteri perwira. Lalu dia ditugaskan di Austria untuk memimpin pasukan. Sinan pun sangat mahir menembakkan meriam. Sebagai seorang yang juga menguasai arsitektur, dalam menembak Sinan mempelajari struktur terlemah untuk meruntuhkan sebuah bangunan.

Pada 1535 M, Sinan ikut serta ke Baghdad sebagai komandan pasukan istana. Dua tahun kemudian, dia juga bergabung dalam ekspedisi ke Corfu, Apulia hingga ke Moldavia. Selama masa ekspedisi militer itu Sinan tak hanya dikenal sebagai penembak jitu, namun juga seorang arsitek yang terampil dan ahli.

Interior View of Suleiman Mosque

Saat pasukan Usmani menguasai Kairo, Sinan dipromosikan sebagai pimpinan arsitek. Dia diberi hak khusus untuk merobohkan bangunan-bangunan di kota yang ditaklukan – tentunya yang tak sesuai dengan rencana kota. Saat bertugas di Timur, Sinan ikut membangun benteng pertahanan dan jembatan. Salah satunya jembatan menuju Danube.

Sinan juga begitu ahli mengubah arsitektur gejera menjadi masjid. Bahkan, pada 1535 M, dia sempat membuatkan kapal untuk tentara dan pasukan meriam yang akan melintasi Danau Van. Ketika Aelebi Latfi Pasha menjadi Grand Vizier pada 1539 M, Sinan diangkat menjadi arsitek di Istanbul. Inilah awal kariernya sebagai arsitek sebenarnya.

Tugas utama yang harus diembannya adalah mengawasi pembangunan dan masuknya barang-barang di Kesultanan Usmani. Selain itu, Sinan juga bertanggung jawab untuk mendesain dan membangun sarana publik seperti, jalan, irigasi atau saluran air, dan jembatan. Kewenangannya semakin besar setelah diangkat menjadi Ketua arsitek istana.

Di awal kariernya sebagai arsitek, Sinan banyak berhubungan dengan pembangunan arsitektur kubah tradisional. Sebagai seorang tentara sekaligus, pendekatan arsitekturnya lebih pada sudut pandang empiris dibandingkan teoritis. Dia lalu mulai bereksperimen dengan desain dan teknik struktur kubah tunggal dan banyak kubah.

Sinan mencoba menghasilkan sebuah geometri baru yang murni, sebuah rasionalitas dan integritas spasial dalam desain dan struktur masjid. Lewat upaya itu, dia menunjukkan kreativitas dan harapannya untuk menciptakan sebuah kesatuan ruang yang jelas. Sejak itu, Sinan juga mulai mengembangkan serangkaian kubah yang bervariasi.

Kubah dan lengkungan yang didesain membengkok. Namun, dia menghindari elemen-elemen curvilinear dalam desainnya. Sinan lebih memilih mengubah lingkaran kubah ke dalam sebuah segi-empat , persegi enam, atau sistem persegi delapan. Sinan memang dikenal amat jenius dalam mengorganisasi ruang dan penciptaan resolusi tegangan lewat desain. Sinan tutup usia pada 17 Juli 1588 M.

Chocolate

Cacao Tree

Chocolate is a food made from the seeds of a tropical tree called the cacao. These trees flourish in warm, moist climates. Most of the world's cacao beans come from West Africa, where Ghana, the Ivory Coast and Nigeria are the largest producers. Because of a spelling error, probably by English traders long ago, these beans became known as cocoa beans.

 There are some types of chocolate :

• Unsweetened Chocolate



Unsweetened Chocolate

•  Unsweetened chocolate is chocolate in its rawest form. This unadulterated chocolate is also known as baking, plain or bitter chocolate and popularly used as the base for cakes, brownies, confections, and cookies. Unsweetened chocolate is made from pure chocolate liquor that has been refined and contains 50-55% of cocoa butter. Since no sugar has been added to the chocolate it has a strong, bitter taste that is used in cooking and baking but is never eaten out of hand. Unsweetened chocolate, if well wrapped and stored in a cool, dry place with good air circulation, could be kept for several years.
• White Chocolate

•  In fact, white chocolate cannot be called “chocolate” because it does not contain chocolate liquor. White chocolate is the combination of cocoa butter, sugar, milk solids, vanilla, and lecithin, and is able to be kept from 6-10 months if stored in a cool, dry place. Generally, white chocolate is ivory-colored, but white chocolate which is made with vegetable fat is white-colored.
• Dark Chocolate

•  Also known as “plain chocolate”, Dark chocolate is chocolate without milk as an additive. The U.S. Government calls this “sweet chocolate” and determines a 15% concentration of chocolate liquor as its ingredient, different from Europeans who requires a minimum of 35% of chocolate liquor. Dark chocolate is considered as healthy chocolate. According to studies of two prestigious scientific journals, it states that eating more dark chocolate can help lower your blood pressure, but you have to balance the extra calories by eating less of other things.
• Milk Chocolate

•  Milk chocolate is the combination of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, vanilla, milk solids, and lecithin. This type of chocolate could be kept up to a year if stored in a cool, dry place. Milk chocolate must contain at least 10% of chocolate liquor, 3.7% milk fats, and 12% milk solids. The U.S. Government requires a 10% concentration of chocolate liquor while EU regulations specify a minimum of 25% chocolate liquor. This makes European milk chocolate better than American milk chocolate, because the more chocolate liquor added the more delicious it gets. Generally, milk chocolate is popularly used in decorating cake and cookies.
• Semi-sweet Chocolate and Bittersweet Chocolate 



Semi-sweet Chocolate chips

• Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate are the same kind of chocolate, both refer to dark chocolate. In America, dark chocolate refers to Semi-sweet chocolate while in Europe dark chocolate refers to Bittersweet chocolate. The two  types of chocolate are able to use interchangeably. Both Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate contain cocoa liquor, sugar, cocoa butter, vanilla, and sometimes lecithin. Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate, if well wrapped and stored in a cool, dry place with good air circulation, could be kept for several years.
• Couverture Chocolate

•  The word “couverture” translates to “covering” and refers to one of the finest quality of chocolate in the world. Couverture is produced with premium cacao beans and a high percentage of cocoa butter. Additionally, this type of chocolate also contain a total fat content of 30-40%. Couverture are often used by professional pastry chefs in many famous chocolate manufacturers such as Valrhona, Felchlin, Lindt & Sprüngli, Scharffen Berger, Cacao Barry, Callebaut, and Guittard.
• Ultra Couverture Chocolate

•  In fact, Ultra Couverture chocolate is equal in terms of quality to Couverture chocolate. Because because this type of chocolate contains a higher content of cocoa butter, the name “Ultra” is therefore added. Ultra Couverture chocolate is not easy to produce because it is difficult to balance higher cocoa butter content while retaining superb taste and texture. Therefore, a few chocolate manufacturers are able to successfully produce this type of chocolate.
• Compound Chocolate

• The term ”Compound Chocolate” refers to a type of chocolate which is made by a combination of cocoa an & vegetable fat, usually tropical fats and/or hydrogenated fats, as a replacement for cocoa butter. Compound Chocolate is primarily used for candy bar coatings, but because it doesn't contain cocoa butter, then it isn't called “chocolate” in the US. Compound Chocolate is sometime added with flavors such as mint, orange, or strawberry to increase its deliciousness.

Chocolate has many uses. Sometimes we use chocolate for culinary ingredients. Don't you know it has other uses? Here are some uses of chocolate that might surprise you.

1. As Currency . Cocoa beans were used as a monetary unit in Central America, used to pay taxes to the Aztecs in 1000AD
2. As a remedy. In 18th Century England, a chocolaty drink was used to prevent and cure stomach aches. In Central America it was used to build up resistance and fight fatigue. The Emperor Montezuma once declared that "the divine drink…”permits a man to walk for a whole day without food." For a natural face pack chockfull of antioxidants, melt a block of dark chocolate and apply it to your face. Leave it for 15 minutes to harden. It is said to aid skin complexion. 
3. Swirled into Cheese. It’s old news that putting something sweet in cheese (cranberries, for example) lifts the flavor through the roof. But chocolate is too sweet, surely? British supermarket chain Tesco didn’t think so, rolling out the chocolate whirl (59% white Stilton, 11% Belgian chocolate) in 2007. The Michigan State University’s chocolate cheese confection goes for a more fudgy, cheesecakey consistency.
4. Fighting Tooth Decay. An extract of cocoa has recently been found to be more effective than flouride in keeping your teeth healthy.
5. Keeping Your Ticker Healthy. Pick the dark chocolate and you have a dietary supplement that will improve your coronary circulation.
6. Keeping Your Skin Happy. Cocoa butter is marvelous stuff – rich, smooth and with an aroma that will have everyone fighting to get near you. And since it’s chocolate, it’s technically edible – the way all skincare products should be.
7. Stop Your Tension Going Hyper. A study from the University Hospital of Cologne found a link between polyphenol-rich (dark) chocolate and lowered blood pressure. A heavenly reason to eat chocolate when you’re stressed – as long as it’s the right kind, of course.
8. Feeding Your Car (or Airship)? Escherichia coli bacteria have a sweet tooth – and when they gorge on surplus chocolate, they produce hydrogen that can be used as a clean source of power. Speculating wildly, could waste chocolate power the zero-emissions vehicle of tomorrow? 
9. Making You Smarter. Dark chocolate is rich in flavanols that improve the circulation of blood around your body, including the brain – fighting mental fatigue, making you more alert and generally making you a more efficient thinker. For this reason, chocolate is one of the smartest foods we know.
10. As Spa Treatments. Chocolate contains antioxidants (the less processed the better) so used correctly, it’s good for the skin. Hershey – recent newcomer to the organic market – has a hotel where you can indulge in cocoa-rich treatments ranging from chocolate milk baths and a cocoa bean polish to the hour-long chocolate fondue wrap. Can you imagine a chocolate high?
11. As Perfume. Rather obvious when you think about it. Chocolate is one of those smells, like coffee and fresh-baked bread, that seems to weakens everyone’s knees even if they don’t like the product itself. However, this perfume claims the aroma is a male aphrodisiac that makes you thin. Riiight.
12. Lifting Your Mood. Reaching for the chocolate when you’re feeling glum has become a cultural cliché, and since eating chocolate appears to have similar physiological effects to kissing, it’s not hard to see why. (Dean Ornich, M.D. describes the sensation for Newsweek). Since it improves the circulation, is a mild stimulant and makes you euphoric, chocolate seems perfectly suited to lift you out the doldrums…but not everyone agrees.
13. Not Feeding Your Pets. Here’s why dog chocolates were invented. Human chocolate contains theobromine – harmless to us but highly toxic to our four-legged friends. So ignore even the most imploring look…in case your kindness kills.

Fraser Island

Fraser Island is located along the southern coast of Queensland, Australia. Its length is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) and its width is approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi). It is the largest sand island in the world (1840 km²). It also Queensland's largest island and the largest island of East Coast of Australia.

It was called 'K'gari' or paradise in the Butchulla's people language. The name Fraser Island comes from Eliza Fraser and her story of survival from a shipwreck on the island in 1836.

Fraser Island has rain forest, eucalyptus woodland, sand dunes and coastal heaths. Fraser Island is also home for many mammal species, as well as a diverse range of birds, reptiles and amphibians, including the occasional saltwater crocodile.

A major landmark of Fraser Island is the shipwreck of S.S. Maheno. It was originally built on 1905 as a luxury passenger ship. On July 9, 1935 she drifted ashore and beached on Fraser Island. During the Second World War the Maheno served as target bombing practice for the RAAF and was used as an explosives demolition target by special forces from the Fraser Commando School. The ship has since become severely rusted, with almost three and a half storeys buried under the sand. Climbing on the shipwreck is not permitted.


The island can be reached by ferry from Hervey Bay or Inskip Point north of Rainbow Beach, or by chartered flight via Maroochydore Airport. Four-wheel drive is required for some landings, and travel on the island. A RAM permit is required for vehicles. Several firms provide four-wheel drive vehicles for rent. Tour buses travel the island as well. The Fraser Island Great Walk offers an opportunity to explore the island on foot.

Central Station is a popular tourism destination on the island. Some of the rarest ferns grow along the rainforest near the station. With year-round south-easterly wind, huge sand dunes on the island move at the rate of 1 – 2 meters a year and grow to a height of 244 meters. Sand is constantly washed ashore from as far as New South Wales

Here is another photo of Fraser Island :

10 Danau Paling Ekstrim dan Aneh di Dunia

Jellyfish Lake, Palau

Jellyfish Lake terletak pada salah satu Palau’s Rock Islands yang terbentuk sekitar 12.000 tahun lalu. Jutaan ubur-ubur tinggal di danau itu, hidup dari melalui hubungan simbiotik dengan ganggang. Peristiwa El Nino yang terjadi kira-kira sekali setiap dekade cenderung menaikkan suhu danau dan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian dari populasi ubur-ubur.

Mono Lake, California, USA

Mono Lake, terletak dekat perbatasan California-Nevada timur Yosemite Nat'l Park. Dianggap sebagai "hypersaline", Danau ini tidak memiliki outlet dan penguapan selama puluhan ribu tahun yang terkonsentrasi garam dan mineral yang kadarnya sangat tinggi. Meskipun demikian, kehidupan tumbuh subur di Mono Lake - sebanyak 6 Triliun udang air garam hidup yang menyediakan sumber makanan bagi migrasi burung.

Diego de la Haya, Costa Rica

Diego de la Haya adalah danau kawah yang mengisi salah satu dari 5 kawah utama yang tingginya 11.260 kaki pada Gunung Irazú. Danau ini telah dikenal karena mengubah warna dari hijau biasa menjadi abu-abu, pink, atau merah tergantung pada jenis gas dirilis oleh aktivitas gunung berapi di dalam gunung ini. 

 Lake Nyos, Cameroon

Biasanya "sebelum dan sesudah" foto menunjukkan perbaikan dalam tapi itu tidak terjadi dengan Danau Nyos di Kamerun. Danau dengan warna kuning kehijauan-bukti nyata dari letusan 1986 yang mematikan karbon dioksida yang menewaskan lebih dari 1.700 orang yang mati karena lemas. Para ilmuwan percaya bahwa batu longsor bawah laut itu merupakan keseimbangan tekanan rumit dimana menyimpan CO2 yang terlarut dalam danau. Setelah terbentuk gelembung gas dan meningkat, tekanan berkurang, seperti muncul pada tutup botol soda terguncang.

Mungkinkah 21 Agustus 1986 di Danau Nyos bencana terjadi lagi? Mungkin tidak - berkat beberapa autosiphon, "pipa" tenggelam secara vertikal ke dalam lautan seperti sedotan soda. Proyek internasional telah berhasil mengurangi tingkat CO2 Danau Nyos 'dan juga melakukan hal yang sama di dekat Danau Monoun, tempat peristiwa serupa pada tahun 1984 yang menewaskan lebih dari 30 orang.

Lake Baikal, Russia

Danau Baikal adalah Ratunya danau, memegang lebih banyak air tawar daripada semua danau Besar Amerika Utara jika digabungkan! Ini juga danau tertua di dunia, 25 juta tahun atau lebih, dan sekitar 2.500 spesies yang unik (seperti Nerpa, atau Baikal Seal) ditemukan di sekitar Danau Baikal - dan tempat lain. Pemanasan global mengancam mengubah lingkungan di Danau Baikal, dan perubahan bukanlah hal yang baik untuk tanaman unik dan hewan yang tinggal disana.